Alexandria, Egypt’s second-largest city and one of the most historically significant ports in the Mediterranean, offers a unique blend of ancient wonders, stunning coastal beauty, and a rich multicultural past. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE, this legendary city was once home to the famous Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the Great Library, a center of knowledge in antiquity. Today, Alexandria is a fascinating destination where history, culture, and modern life intertwine.
A Journey Through History: Alexandria’s Top Attractions
1. Bibliotheca Alexandrina: A Modern Tribute to the Ancient Library
The Great Library of Alexandria was one of the most renowned institutions of the ancient world, attracting scholars from across the Mediterranean. Though the original library was lost centuries ago, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, opened in 2002, stands as a tribute to its legacy. This stunning architectural masterpiece houses millions of books, research centers, museums, and a planetarium, making it a must-visit site for history and literature enthusiasts.
2. The Citadel of Qaitbay: A Fortress on the Mediterranean
One of Alexandria’s most iconic landmarks, the Citadel of Qaitbay, was built in the 15th century on the ruins of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, this well-preserved fortress offers breathtaking views, historical exhibits, and a glimpse into Egypt’s medieval military architecture. Walking along its stone walls, visitors can imagine the grandeur of the lost wonder that once stood in its place.
3. The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa: A Fascinating Underground Necropolis
Blending Egyptian, Greek, and Roman influences, the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are among the most intriguing archaeological sites in Alexandria. This vast underground burial complex, dating back to the 2nd century CE, contains beautifully carved tombs, statues, and a unique banquet hall where mourners once gathered to honor the dead.
4. Pompey’s Pillar and the Serapeum
Standing 26 meters high, Pompey’s Pillar is one of the tallest ancient columns in the world. Erected in honor of Emperor Diocletian in the 3rd century CE, it once marked the entrance to the grand Serapeum, a temple dedicated to the Greco-Egyptian deity Serapis. Though much of the temple is in ruins, the site offers a fascinating insight into Alexandria’s blend of Egyptian and Hellenistic cultures.
5. Montaza Palace and Gardens: A Royal Retreat
For a break from historical explorations, Montaza Palace and its lush gardens offer a serene escape. Originally built in the late 19th century and expanded by King Farouk, Egypt’s last monarch, this picturesque estate combines Ottoman and Florentine architectural styles. Visitors can stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens, relax by the sea, and admire the palace’s grand facades.
The Mediterranean Charm: Alexandria’s Coastal Beauty
Unlike the desert landscapes of much of Egypt, Alexandria boasts a stunning Mediterranean coastline. The city’s Corniche, a scenic waterfront promenade stretching along the Mediterranean, is perfect for a leisurely walk, offering panoramic sea views, cafés, and historic sites.
- Stanley Bridge – One of Alexandria’s most photographed spots, this elegant bridge extends over the sea, providing stunning views of the coastline, especially at sunset.
- Abu Qir Bay – A historic and picturesque bay where the famous Battle of the Nile took place in 1798. Today, it is a great spot for seafood lovers and local boat tours.
- Maamoura Beach – A quieter alternative to Alexandria’s main beaches, ideal for a relaxing day by the sea.
A Taste of Alexandria: Culinary Delights
Alexandria’s cuisine is a delightful mix of Mediterranean and Egyptian flavors, heavily influenced by its coastal location. Some must-try dishes include:
- Sayadeya – A traditional fish dish cooked with rice, onions, and a rich tomato sauce.
- Feseekh – A fermented fish dish, usually eaten during the Sham El-Nessim festival.
- Alexandrian liver (Kebda Eskandarani) – Spicy fried liver, a popular street food in the city.
- Baklava and Basbousa – Sweet pastries made with honey, nuts, and semolina, reflecting Alexandria’s multicultural culinary influences.
Exploring Alexandria’s Cultural Heritage
Alexandria’s history as a crossroads of civilizations is reflected in its diverse cultural sites:
- El Alamein War Museum – Located about 100 km from Alexandria, this museum commemorates the famous World War II battle fought in the region.
- Saint Mark’s Coptic Orthodox Cathedral – One of the oldest churches in Africa, linked to Saint Mark, the founder of Christianity in Egypt.
- The Roman Amphitheater – An ancient open-air theater with well-preserved marble seats, dating back to the Roman period.
Travel Tips for Visiting Alexandria
- Best Time to Visit – Spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November) offer pleasant weather, avoiding the summer heat and humidity.
- Getting Around – Taxis and ride-hailing apps like Uber are the most convenient ways to travel. The city also has trams, but they are slower and primarily used by locals.
- Local Etiquette – Modest clothing is recommended, especially when visiting religious sites. Egyptians are generally warm and hospitable, and a simple “Shukran” (thank you) is always appreciated.
- Accommodation – From luxury hotels like the Four Seasons Alexandria to charming boutique hotels, there are options for all budgets.
Why Visit Alexandria?
Alexandria is a city where history and modern life coexist beautifully. Whether you are exploring ancient ruins, enjoying fresh seafood by the Mediterranean, or discovering its literary and artistic heritage, Alexandria offers an unforgettable experience. For those looking to step beyond the typical tourist trail in Egypt, this coastal city is a destination filled with timeless charm and cultural richness.
Plan your trip to Alexandria and walk in the footsteps of pharaohs, scholars, and conquerors in one of the world’s most legendary cities!